Virus production in shallow groundwater at the bank of the Danube River

Author(s)
Christian Winter, Christian Griebler, Daniel Pleyer
Abstract

Viruses play a crucial role in regulating prokaryotic populations, yet their impact on subsurface environments, specifically groundwater habitats, remains poorly understood. In this study, we employed the virus-dilution approach to measure lytic virus production rates in shallow groundwater located near the city of Vienna (Austria) during the period from July−November 2020. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen), prokaryotic, and viral abundance, and viral decay rates were monitored as well. Our findings revealed low virus-to-prokaryote ratios varying between 0.9−3.9 throughout the study period and a lack of correlation between prokaryotic and viral abundance in groundwater. Virus production rates varied between 9−12% of viral abundance h-1 in July−August and between 34−36% of viral abundance h-1 in October−November. Seasonal variations in virus production rates were found to be correlated with electrical conductivity, revealing ~3.5 times higher virus production rates during periods with high electrical conductivity and low groundwater recharge in October−November compared to July−August with higher groundwater recharge and lower electrical conductivity. Our data indicate that groundwater recharge disrupts the balance between virus and prokaryotic host communities, resulting in a deficiency of suitable prokaryotic host cells for viral proliferation.

Organisation(s)
Functional and Evolutionary Ecology
Journal
PLoS ONE
Volume
19
ISSN
1932-6203
Publication date
08-2024
Peer reviewed
Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
106022 Microbiology, 106019 Hydrobiology
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, Microbiology
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Portal url
https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/virus-production-in-shallow-groundwater-at-the-bank-of-the-danube-river(0f94d1fd-8ab0-45e5-8f43-ab36b06491d0).html